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Thomas W. Stivers
Private Thomas W. Stivers (July 15, 1850 — June 28, 1877), also known under the name Thomas "Tom" Stevens or Stevers, was an American soldier in the U.S. Army who served with the 7th U.S. Cavalry during the Great Sioux War of 1876-77. One of twenty-four men to be awarded the Medal of Honor for gallantry at the Battle of the Little Bighorn on June 25, 1876, Stivers was among the soldiers who volunteered to carry water from the Little Bighorn River to the wounded on Reno Hill and awarded the Medal of Honor in 1878. He and two other fellow Kentuckians, Privates William M. Harris and George D. Scott, received the MOH for their role in the battle though Stivers received his posthumously.
== Biography ==
Thomas W. Stivers was born in Madison County, Kentucky, on July 15, 1850,〔Scott, Douglas D., P. Willey and Melissa A. Connor. ''They Died With Custer: Soldiers' Bones from the Battle of the Little Bighorn''. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002. (pg. 242) ISBN 0-8061-3507-7〕〔Crawford, Byron. ''Kentucky Stories''. Paducah, Kentucky: Turner Publishing Company, 1994. (pg. 34) ISBN 1-56311-166-7〕〔Wells, Dianne; Melba Porter Hay and Thomas H. Appleton, ed. ''Roadside History: A Guide to Kentucky Highway Markers''. Frankfort: Kentucky Historical Society, 2002. (pg. 261) ISBN 0-916968-29-4〕 and later moved to Mt. Vernon where he worked as a clerk.〔Russell, Jerry L., ed. ''1876 Facts About Custer and the Battle of the Little Big Horn''. New York: Da Capo Press, 1999. (pg. 18, 24) ISBN 1-882810-34-1〕 In August 1871, at the age of 21, he enlisted in the United States Army and was assigned to Company D of the 7th U.S. Cavalry Regiment for frontier duty. At the start of the Great Sioux War of 1876–77, Stivers accompanied the 7th U.S. Cavalry to the Dakota Territory and was present at the Battle of the Little Bighorn. He was one of nineteen men who volunteered to fetch water from the Little Big Horn and carry it to the wounded on Reno Hill throughout the battle.〔Hammer, Kenneth M., ed. ''Custer in '76: Walter Camp's Notes on the Custer Fight''. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1976. (pg. 268) ISBN 0-8425-0399-4〕〔Senate Committee on Veterans Affairs. ''Medal of Honor recipients, 1863-1978, 96th Cong., 1st sess''. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1979. (pg. 316, 1067)〕〔Manning, Robert, ed. ''Above and Beyond: A History of the Medal of Honor from the Civil War to Vietnam''. Boston: Boston Publishing Company, 1985. (pg. 237) ISBN 0-939526-19-0〕〔Hannings, Bud. ''A Portrait of the Stars and Stripes''. Glenside, Pennsylvania: Seniram Publishing, 1988. (pg. 400) ISBN 0-922564-00-0〕〔Hatch, Thom. ''The Custer Companion: A Comprehensive Guide to the Life of George Armstrong Custer and the Plains Indian Wars''. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 2002. (pg. 242) ISBN 0-8117-0477-7〕〔Yenne, Bill. ''Indian Wars: The Campaign for the American West''. Yardley, Pennsylvania: Westholme Publishing, 2006. (pg. 207) ISBN 1-59416-016-3〕〔Nunnally, Michael L. ''American Indian Wars: A Chronology of Confrontations Between Native Peoples and Settlers and the United States Military, 1500s-1901''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2007. (pg. 141) ISBN 0-7864-2936-4〕 While four troopers exposed themselves to heavy enemy fire, in order to give covering fire, Stivers and fourteen others managed to leave the right wing of Captain Frederick Benteen's line and crossed eighty yards of "fire-swept ground" to reach a deep ravine which they used for cover to get to the river. They then used heavy camp kettles to make repeated trips back and forth from the Little Big Horn to Reno Hill.〔Schoenberger, Dale T. ''The End of Custer: The Death of an American Military Legend''. Surrey, British Columbia: Hancock House Publishers, 1995. (pg. 240, 243) ISBN 0-88839-288-5〕〔Brust, James S., Brian C. Pohanka and Sandy Barnard. ''Where Custer Fell: Photographs of the Little Bighorn Battlefield Then and Now''. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2007. (pg. 69, 196) ISBN 0-8061-3834-3〕
Stivers and the other Little Big Horn water carriers faced great danger, especially with Sioux braves hidden in bushes along the river, and at least one of the soldiers was wounded in an ambush. He and the rest of the water carriers were cited for gallantry, along with five others for direct combat actions, and awarded the Medal of Honor〔〔〔〔〔 two years after the battle〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔 though Stivers received his posthumously. Stivers was discharged on August 5, 1876, while encamped with his unit at the mouth of Rosebud Creek in the Montana Territory, and returned to Kentucky where he attempted to go into business for himself. He died less than a year later, murdered over a business dispute, in Kingston on June 28, 1877, at age 27. Stivers was buried in the city cemetery of nearby Richmond, Kentucky.〔〔〔
Stivers was one of three Kentuckians, along with Privates William M. Harris and George D. Scott, who were awarded the Medal of Honor for their actions during the battle, and as such, they have received special honors by their home state. Their role at the Little Big Horn is mentioned on a marker at the Richmond Cemetery where Stivers and Harris (both Marion County natives) are buried, though the location of Scott's gravesite is unknown. Kentucky Highway 1295, a state highway which runs through Kirksville to Garrard County, was later designated as the Harris-Scott-Stivers Memorial Highway.〔〔 On June 26, 1999, a special commemoration ceremony to honor Kentucky's Medal of Honor winners was held for Stivers, Harris and Scott, at the Blue Grass Army Depot in Richmond;〔Johnson, Harry C. ''Madison County, Kentucky''. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, 2004. (pg. 128) ISBN 0-7385-1688-0〕 they were also listed at the Kentucky Medal of Honor Memorial in Louisville. Ten years later, the ''Richmond Register'' began profiling Stivers and other local MOH winners.〔 On June 25, 2010, the ''Richmond Register'' published a second story honoring the men on the 134th anniversary of the battle.〔
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